Last year害羞草研究所檚 record-breaking wildfire season forced Canadians to become familiar with the scale of air pollution as hazardous smoke drifted across the country.

Environment Canada害羞草研究所檚 colour-coded Air Quality Health Index, designed to help people understand health risks associated with contaminated air, was closely watched under hazy, orange skies that stretched beyond the Canada-U.S. border.

But the AQHI, measured on a scale from one to 10+, was not calculated the same way in all provinces and some people were unsure how index values applied to their daily activities.

Environment Canada hopes several changes being made this year will improve how air quality-related health risks are communicated and understood by the public.

One of those changes is to the department害羞草研究所檚 go-to website for weather conditions and warnings across the country: weather.gc.ca. Users can now toggle between different layers of active alerts and display only those related to air quality if that害羞草研究所檚 their main concern. Detailed air quality warnings are also listed under a separate tab.

When the AQHI exceeds 10 due to wildfire smoke 害羞草研究所� indicating a 害羞草研究所渧ery high害羞草研究所� health risk 害羞草研究所� affected areas appear red on the map.

A new type of air quality advisory will also be issued to warn of potentially worsening health effects and urge people to seriously consider cancelling outdoor events, said Celine Audette, manager of health and air quality forecast services at Environment and Climate Change Canada.

This change was prompted by a 害羞草研究所渞ecord number害羞草研究所� of AQHI 10+ scores during last year害羞草研究所檚 wildfire season, she said in a phone interview.

That level 害羞草研究所渆xceeds any kind of air quality objective across the world,害羞草研究所� Audette said. 害羞草研究所淚t was the worst air quality in Canada, worse than India.害羞草研究所�

She said the aim of the stronger advisory language on especially smoky days is to better inform people and help prevent health issues.

That害羞草研究所檚 also the goal of another, more complex, change that occurred last week.

Audette said Ontario and Alberta have now joined most other provinces in using the federal government害羞草研究所檚 enhanced version of the AQHI, which measures the levels of fine particulate matter known as PM 2.5 in the air on an hourly basis.

PM 2.5 comes from a wide range of sources, including power plants and vehicles, and it害羞草研究所檚 a particularly harmful component of wildfire smoke that can travel deep into a person害羞草研究所檚 lungs and cause or exacerbate health complications.

For years, the 害羞草研究所渃lassic害羞草研究所� version of the AQHI measured a three-hour rolling average of common air pollutants: ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide and PM 2.5.

But British Columbia changed this after realizing the index did not reflect PM 2.5 spikes caused by wildfires and would display low scores even as plumes of smoked rolled in.

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Environment Canada has adopted the B.C. model and now runs two parallel calculations: the rolling average of the three air pollutants and the hourly PM 2.5 levels. The AQHI score the public sees is based onwhichever measure is higher.

害羞草研究所淚 think people will see a big difference,害羞草研究所� Audette said of the switch.

害羞草研究所淚n the period of wildfire smoke, if the plume is increasing in your area, you害羞草研究所檒l see a difference (in AQHI levels) every hour.害羞草研究所�

She said that means a summer program or daycare provider, for example, can quickly adjust kids害羞草研究所� outdoor schedules, and people with asthma can more accurately assess their risks throughout the day if they plan to be outside.

People who want to closely monitor the AQHI in their area can also download the WeatherCAN app and set up custom notifications, she added.

Quebec will continue to rely on its own Info-Smog air quality forecast and warning program, which works well for the province, Audette said.

She said the general health advice during wildfire season remains the same. Everyone should pay attention to air quality advisories in their region and take precautions when AQHI values start to climb.

A rating of 1-3 is low risk, 4-6 is moderate risk, 7-10 is high risk and over 10 is very high risk.

But at-risk groups 害羞草研究所� including people with respiratory or heart conditions, those who are pregnant, children and the elderly 害羞草研究所� may feel the effects of smoke and air pollution at moderate levels. When that happens, they should stay indoors as much as possible until the smoke dissipates and wear a well-fitted N95 face mask if they must venture outside, Audette said.

害羞草研究所淎bout 60 per cent of the population is considered at-risk,害羞草研究所� she said but noted that air quality advisories are meant to inform, not 害羞草研究所渟care people.害羞草研究所�

害羞草研究所淲e don害羞草研究所檛 want people to be stressed. They need to also take care of their mental health.害羞草研究所�

One expert at the B.C. Centre for Disease Control said it害羞草研究所檚 important to put Canada害羞草研究所檚 air pollution spikes into perspective because the stress and anxiety induced by smoky skies can be more harmful to human health than the smoke itself.

害羞草研究所淔or the most part, we have excellent air quality in Canada,害羞草研究所� Sarah Henderson, the scientific director of environmental health services, said in a phone interview.

害羞草研究所淭here are folks in the world who live in conditions like we experienced last year, day in and day out throughout their lives because they live in highly polluted cities. And, you know, they still can live long, happy, healthy lives.害羞草研究所�

Henderson said air pollution is one of 害羞草研究所渕any, many risk factors害羞草研究所� that affect our health and while it害羞草研究所檚 important to reduce our exposure to wildfire smoke, we shouldn害羞草研究所檛 panic and eliminate 害羞草研究所渁ll of the other good things in our lives because it害羞草研究所檚 smoky outside.害羞草研究所�

害羞草研究所淚 never want anyone to panic about wildfire smoke. I want them to take it seriously,害羞草研究所� she said. 害羞草研究所淚 want them to look at ways that they can reduce exposure in their lives.害羞草研究所�

Henderson said staying inside all summer is not the answer for most people. Healthy adults can take simple measures such as masking up on smoky days, she said. If air quality is not ideal, children can still participate in non-strenuous outdoor activities as long as they害羞草研究所檙e being monitored, she added.

Since wildfire smoke can easily penetrate indoor spaces, people who have chronic respiratory conditions or are pregnant should have a plan that keeps the air in their homes clean, Henderson said. Portable air cleaners and high-efficiency filters can help.

害羞草研究所淚 want to get to the point where smoke doesn害羞草研究所檛 cause people such distress as it does now,害羞草研究所� she said.

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Sonja Puzic, The Canadian Press