Misinformation surrounding gender identity is pervasive and it has a profound impact on the mental health of transgender and non-binary people, advocates say.

Dupr茅 Latour, a trans woman who grew up in West Africa and immigrated to Canada five years ago so she could affirm her gender identity, believes that religion, stereotypes and misconceptions help people justify their hate.

She is saddened that many believe that transgender identity is merely a trend.

害羞草研究所淚 hear it all the time (that) trans people, there are so many of them,害羞草研究所� Latour said.

害羞草研究所淏ut we害羞草研究所檝e always been there, it害羞草研究所檚 just that now, we are in an environment, in a favourable era, but it害羞草研究所檚 not a trend: these are people who make sacrifices, people who don害羞草研究所檛 love themselves, who look in the mirror and hate themselves and who have no choice to go through this to live their lives in the image of what society expects.害羞草研究所�

Advocates have for years said that misinformation clouds much of the debate over transgender rights in Canada, especially when it comes to youth. Saskatchewan and New Brunswick brought in rules last year requiring parental consent for students 16 and younger to change their names or pronouns at school 害羞草研究所� rules that have raised Charter rights concerns among critics.

In Alberta, Premier Danielle Smith has promised to enact changes this fall that go beyond parental consent for pronoun and name changes and also include limitations on gender-affirmation surgeries and hormone treatments for teens. Opposition parties and LGBTQ+ groups have accused Smith of relying on myths about transgender medical care and 害羞草研究所減laying politics害羞草研究所� with the proposed legislation.

Not allowing the use of preferred pronouns can heighten levels of anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts among non-binary and transgender youth, said Annie Pullen Sansfa莽on, a professor at the Universit茅 de Montr茅al害羞草研究所檚 department of social work and a gender identity researcher for the past 15 years.

Openness to gender diversity starts with education, but it害羞草研究所檚 no small task, she said.

GRIS-Montr茅al, a community organization, has been holding workshops and conferences in schools about sexual orientation for 30 years. Since 2017, the organization has also broached the realities of gender identity.

Marie Houzeau, the organization害羞草研究所檚 general manager, said the same prejudices and myths that existed in relation to homosexuality in the past are now transposed to gender identity, even though it害羞草研究所檚 established that one cannot influence the orientation or gender identity of someone else.

害羞草研究所淭hey are the same comments that we hear: that talking about it will confuse young people and 害羞草研究所� young people will become like that if we talk about it,害羞草研究所� Houzeau said. 害羞草研究所淲e said that about sexual orientation 25 years ago, and we害羞草研究所檙e saying that about gender identity now.害羞草研究所�

Her organization meets about 30,000 young people yearly in Greater Montreal. The demand for conferences on gender identity is so strong that Houzeau believes she could triple the number of workshops.

She said there is a huge disparity in the amount of reliable information circulating in schools.

害羞草研究所淲e know that young people receive a lot of information through social media, some follow influencers and that constitutes their main source of information,害羞草研究所� Houzeau said.

害羞草研究所淲e also know the phenomenon of algorithms and echo chambers that ensure that young people only receive information that is in line with what they already think, it can lead to misinformation for some people if they follow people who themselves have opinions based on misinformation.害羞草研究所�

On the other hand, some youth have the right information and can share it with their peers to help debunk transition and treatment myths, she said.

Pullen Sansfa莽on said one common misconception is about puberty blockers 害羞草研究所� medication prescribed to adolescents who are beginning a gender transition. She stressed these drugs are not given to children before puberty hits.

The medication is not permanent and simply slows down the puberty process, buying time for a young person to weigh their decision more carefully. If a person stops taking it, puberty resumes its course within a few months, Pullen Sansfa莽on said.

According to recent studies, gender-affirming care has psychosocial and mental health benefits for youth. During adolescence, hormone blockers reduce the risk of suicidal ideation.

害羞草研究所淭hese are medications that can save a person害羞草研究所檚 life,害羞草研究所� Pullen Sansfa莽on said.

Some will eventually opt for gender-affirming hormone therapy, taking testosterone or estrogen, depending on the gender, and blockers allow youth the time to mature and decide in due course.

It害羞草研究所檚 the same thing for gender-affirming surgeries. The Canadian Paediatric Society says age cutoffs for funding such surgeries vary by province and territory in Canada, but genital reconstructive surgery is restricted to individuals who are 18 or older. Top surgery to remove or augment breast tissue is generally limited to those 16 and older.

A followup with a psychologist is also required. Sam Lajeunesse, a 43-year-old trans man, can attest to its benefits.

害羞草研究所淏efore I even realized I was a trans person, I had an issue with my chest,害羞草研究所� Lajeunesse said. 害羞草研究所淎t the time I didn害羞草研究所檛 even know it was possible to have a mastectomy, but if I knew if I could unscrew them and put them in a drawer and leave them there, I would have done it as a teenager.害羞草研究所�

After a six-month followup with a psychologist, he asked for a doctor害羞草研究所檚 letter supporting his decision to have a mastectomy and hormonal treatment. While he had apprehensions about the speed with which hormonal injections would take effect and their potential side-effects, he has no regrets.

Pullen Sansfa莽on said that some effects of hormone therapy can be reversed, sometimes through corrective surgery.

Medical and surgical help for young transgender and non-binary people isn害羞草研究所檛 new; standards of care have been set by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health since 1998 and have been updated over the years.

害羞草研究所淐urrently, the scientific consensus is that being able to support young people in making informed decisions regarding gender-affirming care and having access to it seems to be the best path to take to be able to improve the mental health of these young people,害羞草研究所� Pullen Sansfa莽on said.

Education is key.

Lajeunesse and Latour describe discussions about their gender identity as a sort of eternal 害羞草研究所渃oming out.害羞草研究所� Some people say hurtful things unintentionally because they aren害羞草研究所檛 aware, but others do so deliberately. Both said they害羞草研究所檙e happy to answer questions when asked respectfully.

Lajeunesse said 13 years after transitioning, he no longer has those conversations with close friends or family, but they did come up before.

害羞草研究所淭hey had questions which I sometimes answered, other times I directed people to the appropriate sources of information,害羞草研究所� he said.

For Latour, the discussions can be tough.

害羞草研究所淥ften, people will say, 害羞草研究所榊ou害羞草研究所檙e a man,害羞草研究所� but no, I害羞草研究所檓 not a man, I害羞草研究所檓 a trans woman,害羞草研究所� she said with pride. 害羞草研究所淎nd sometimes, it害羞草研究所檚 heavy to always have to explain that you can害羞草研究所檛 address me as a man.害羞草研究所�

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